That is because G or G7 “dominant” chords lead to C chord (the main key chord). The cadence from D7 to G chords in this song, is referred to as a “secondary dominant” chord progression in music theory terms. So in this context, F# is an accidental note. In musical terms, when a note appears from outside the main key (C Major), it is called an “accidental”. The F# brings with it a D7 chord accompaniment. There are three places in the melody where an F# note appears to lead into G note and G major chord.
Sometimes it can help to transpose the melody to fit your voice. For singers, this is where the song can become challenging. The last section of the piece is where the melody stretches to the 5th note (high G) above the octave note (C at 2nd string, 1st fret). The first part uses C and G major chords, while the second part uses A minor and E major chord. While the melody notes in both musical lines are the same, in this arrangement the chord accompaniments are different. The melody for the first two lyric lines (top line on music sheet) is repeated again for the second two lyric lines (second line of music). The melody range is an octave plus a fifth, so from low C note (5th string, 3rd fret) to higher G note (1st string, 3rd fret). This allows you to play the melody entirely in first position on the guitar neck. This single note melody arrangement of the Star Spangled Banner is in the key of C.
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